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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people around the globe. Such outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases have charged the global healthcare system with the vast challenge of providing proper care using particularly advanced therapies, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The interim guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend ECMO to treat selected acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) related to COVID-19. ECMO preparedness is essential in outbreaks to ensure proper planning with regard to manpower and systems resources with adherence to infection control measures, all of which are components of a successful ECMO strategic plan. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Millions of people have died as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic caused by Sars-CoV-2. To increase aware-ness and knowledge of Covid-19, numerous online resources have been made available, particularly those pertaining to the dental profession. The purpose of this study was to determine dental professionals' knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes concerning Covid-19 in Saudi Arabia. We performed a study using a Google Docs questionnaire that was disseminated to 305 dentists practising in Saudi Arabia.Materials and Methods: The questionnaire was divided into four sections: dentists' demographic and professional character-istics;dentists' awareness of the incubation period, disease symptoms, mode of transmission, and infection control measures for preventing Covid-19;and dentists' attitude toward treating patients with Covid-19. The questionnaire was completed by participants by selecting one response to each question. The descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, which were expressed as frequencies and percentages. The chi-square test was used to examine the relationship between professional activity and knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes towards Covid-19.Results: A total of 305 dentists took part in the survey, which resulted in a cohort of 305 dentists. Dentists in Saudi Arabia were well-versed in the signs and symptoms of Covid-19 infection in dental clinics, as well as the methods of transmission, infection control measures, and preventative techniques. Dentist, on the other hand, demonstrated a reasonable understanding of the additional preventative measures that can be taken to protect dental employees and other patients from Covid-19.Conclusion: Saudi dentists have an acceptable level of knowledge and understanding of Covid-19. However, such advance-ments would benefit patient management throughout this pandemic. Due to the high risk of infection spreading and acquisition among dental workers or individuals due to the close contact with patients and the nature of dental treatment, it is critical for dentists to remain updated on current knowledge in this rapidly moving field. Dentists' infection control expertise should be reinforced through continuous educational programs.
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Non-invasive ventilation refers to the use of breathing support administered through a face mask, nasal mask, or helmet. This form of ventilatory support is useful in the treatment of respiratory illnesses including SARS, MERS, PH1N1, and COVID-19. Consisting of 63 chapters, this book provides a detailed, holistic overview of the principles and practice of non-invasive mechanical ventilatory support. © 2021 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Video clip description: Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a devastating ongoing pandemic that has led to millions of deaths in the world. Healthcare workers (HCW) on the frontline have also lost their lives and have been at the highest risk of infection compared to the general population [1]. This is the first study to estimate the rate of infection among HCW in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of HCWs working at the Eastern Health Cluster in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Subjects diagnosed with COVID-19 were identified from the health cluster database and from phone interviews of HCWs with laboratory- confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data related to the possible source of infection, socio-demographics, the containment zone, the type of exposure, and symptoms were collected. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 9 software. The descriptive statistics for the categorical variables were given as frequencies and percentages (n [%]). Results: A total of 4104 HCWs were included in this study. Most of the HCWs (87.1%) with COVID-19 were working in hospitals, and 13.4% were working at primary health care facilities (Table 1). The majority (82.1%) of the HCWs with COVID-19 were symptomatic, and 17.9% were asymptomatic, with only about 2.41% having a travel history. Table 2 shows that 79% of the HCWs acquired the virus in the community, while only 15% were infected at the hospital. Of those who were infected at the hospital, 62% were infected by co-workers, while 38% were infected by patients. Due to the country's lockdown, only 2.4% carried COVID-19 from other countries in the world. Conclusions: Health care workers are considered to have the highest risk of getting SARS-CoV-2. In this study, the majority of infected HCWs acquired the infection in the community and suffered from mild symptoms.
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The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is impacting large patient populations, resulting in respiratory compromise, necessitating artificial respiratory supports. Early treatment modalities for severe respiratory failure during the pandemic focused on early intubation and invasive ventilation, as this was considered to be more effective than noninvasive respiratory strategies. However, emerging evidence proved that noninvasive respiratory supports such as noninvasive ventilation, high flow nasal cannula along with prone positioning might have a more significant and positive role than initially thought during the pandemic. Reflective evidence also suggests the utility of noninvasive respiratory supports as appropriate bridging adjuncts in the early stages of the disease process and has the potential to prevent intubation or invasive ventilation. This narrative review focusses on various strategies that are attempted in COVID-19 patients to avoid endotracheal intubation.